Jang go Oketsa Tiragatso ya Server

Go oketsa tiragatso ya server go botlhokwa go netefatsa dinako tsa karabo tse di bonako, tshebediso e e nang le bokgoni ya didiriswa, le boiphitlho bo bo borethe jwa modirisi. Kaelo e e akaretsa dithekeniki tse di botlhokwa go oketsa tiragatso ya Linux server ya gago.

1. Tlhokomela Didiriswa tsa Server

Pele o oketsa, o tlhoka go tlhaloganya tshebediso ya ga jaana ya didiriswa. Dirisa ditaelo tse go tlhokomela CPU, memory, le tshebediso ya disk:

# Tlhokomela CPU le memory
htop
# Kgotsa dirisa top
top

# Tlhola tshebediso ya disk
df -h

# Tlhokomela disk I/O
iotop

# Tlhola tshebediso ya network
iftop

2. Oketsa Tshebediso ya CPU

• Supela ditsamaiso tse di dirisang CPU thata ka top kgotsa htop
• Dirisa dipalo tsa botlhokwa tsa tsamaiso (nice/renice) go na le scheduling e e botoka
• Lekanyetsa tshebediso ya CPU ka tsamaiso fa go tlhokega
• Thibela ditirelo le di-daemon tse di sa tlhokegeng
• Dirisa CPU affinity go bofelela ditsamaiso kwa di-core tse di rileng

3. Oketsa Tshebediso ya Memory

Tlhokomela le go oketsa tshebediso ya memory go thibela swapping:

# Tlhola tshebediso ya memory
free -h

# Phepafatsa page cache (fa go tlhokega)
sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

# Fetola swappiness (boleng bo bo kwa tlase = swapping e e kwa tlase)
echo 'vm.swappiness=10' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

4. Oketsa Tiragatso ya Disk

• Dirisa SSD/NVMe storage go na le tiragatso e e botoka ya I/O
• Letlelela TRIM ya di-drive tsa SSD
• Oketsa dikgetho tsa go mounta filesystem (noatime, nodiratime)
• Phepafatso ya disk ya gale le rotation ya log
• Dirisa di-partition tse di farologaneng tsa /tmp le /var/log

5. Oketsa Tiragatso ya Network

# Letlelela BBR congestion control
echo 'net.core.default_qdisc=fq' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

# Oketsa bogolo ba di-buffer tsa network
echo 'net.core.rmem_max=134217728' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'net.core.wmem_max=134217728' >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p

6. Tsenya Caching

Dirisa Redis kgotsa Memcached go na le caching ya maemo a application. Beakanya caching ya web server (Nginx FastCGI cache, Apache mod_cache) go fokotsa load ya server.

Dikeletso tsa Optimization ya Tiragatso

• Boloka system le software ya gago di ntšhwafaditswe
• Dirisa didiriswa tsa go tlhokomela go supa mathata
• Oketsa di-query tsa database le di-index
• Letlelela compression (gzip/brotli) ya dikagare tsa webe
• Dirisa CDN go romela dikagare tse di sa fetogeng
• Tsenya logging e e nepagetseng le rotation ya log
• Ditlhahlobo tsa tshireletso tsa gale le di-update